Centella
asiatica is a perennial herb belonging to the family Apiaceae and found
throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of India. This plant is known by
different names in different regions of India, Manimunni in Assam, Thankuni in
Bengali, Vallari in Decan, Mandookaparni in Hindi and Gotukola in Sinhali. It
is a softly perfumed, creeping plant that attains height up to 15 cm. Stem is
smooth and rooting occurs at the nodes. It grows extensively in marshy, damp
and wet places and flowering occurs during April to June with white to purple
or pink flowers. Fruits are approximately 2 inches long, globular in shape and
strongly thickened pericarp. This plant has been used since ancient days inAyurvedic medicines. Use of this plant has been described in the ancient
literature Charaka Chikitsa. Whole plant is used for the preparation of drug
and these drugs can be used internally or externally. Paste from fresh herbs
can be used externally for the treatment of rheumatism and elephantitis. Leaf
juice can be applied on forehead in case of headache.
An ointment prepared from
this plant can be used for the treatment of leprosy or any skin disorder. One
of the bioactive compound i.e., asiaticoside helps in collagen I synthesis in
human. Asiaticoside shows antitumor activity by apoptosis of cancer cells. This
plant can also be used for the treatment of eczema. Internally, it can also beused for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, gastric,leucorrhea, kidney disease, urethritis and dropsy. Centella asiatica
contain various types of bioactive compounds like Asiaticoside, Medacassoside,
Brahmoside, Alkaloids (Hydrocotylin), triterpene glycoside, Triterpene acid,
Anthrone of Asiaticoside, Asiatic acid, Madegascaric or madecassic acid
Isothankuniside, Brahmic acid, Centelloside, Centic acid, Indocentoic acid,
Indocentelloside, Oligosaccharide, etc.. The plant also contains volatile and
fatty oils. Glycosides of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolenic acids are
present in fatty oils.
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